![Fig. 24.1 — The road towards ultra-cold atoms](https://i0.wp.com/opticaltweezers.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Fig24_1.png?fit=660%2C331)
1D Doppler cooling (Andreev et al., 1981; Prodan et al., 1982); 2D Doppler cooling (Balykin et al., 1985); 3D Doppler cooling (Chu et al., 1985); sub-Doppler cooling (Lett et al., 1988); 1D VSCPT cooling (Aspect et al., 1988); 1D Raman cooling (Kasevich and Chu, 1992); Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) (Anderson et al., 1995); spin-polarised BEC (Leanhardt et al., 2003).
Fig. 24.1 — The road towards ultra-cold atoms